VAT treatment for business promotions is complex due to changes in EU and domestic legislation and case law. The main points are whether there is a supply and, if so, what the value of that supply is. The UK rules for face value vouchers (FVV) have been altered, with VAT due on the value of the voucher when issued. Single-purpose vouchers carry the right to receive only one type of goods or services, subject to a single rate of VAT. Multi-purpose vouchers carry the right to receive multiple types of goods or services, subject to a single rate of VAT.
VAT & Promotions: Understanding Vouchers, Gifts, and Discounts in the UK
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Author: Ema Stamenković
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Fiscal subject related
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Content accuracy validation date:
27.06.2025
Content accuracy validation time:
09:56h
Business promotions pose complex VAT challenges due to evolving EU and UK legislation and case law. Main considerations are whether a supply exists and its value.
VAT Treatment of Business Promotions
VAT Treatment Summary:
- Discounts: VAT is charged on the discounted price, not the full price.
- Gifts: VAT is charged on the gift’s full value, except when total gifts to one person are less than £50 in a 12-month period (no VAT).
- Multi-buys: VAT is charged on the combined price if all items have the same VAT rate; otherwise, VAT is apportioned for mixed-rate goods.
- Money-off coupons, vouchers: No VAT is due if given free at the time of purchase; otherwise, VAT is charged on the price paid.
- Multi-purpose face value vouchers (MPV): No VAT is due if sold at or below their monetary value.
- Single-purpose face value vouchers (SPV): VAT is charged on the voucher’s value when issued.
- Redeemed face value vouchers: VAT is charged on the full transaction value at the applicable rate of the goods provided.
Free Goods and Services (No VAT if Conditions Met):
- Free samples: Must be used for marketing and provided in quantities allowing potential customers to test the product.
- Free loans of assets: The cost of hiring the asset must be included in another sale to the customer.
- Free gifts: The total cost of all gifts to the same person must be less than £50 in a 12-month period.
- Free services: No payment or goods/services must be received in return.
Face Value Vouchers (FVVs)
FVVs (vouchers, tokens, stamps) entitle holders to goods/services up to the voucher's value. Examples: group discount vouchers, retailer vouchers, book tokens.
Single vs. Multi-Purpose Vouchers
Single-purpose vouchers (SPV): For one type of goods/services at a single VAT rate. VAT due when issued, non-redeemable VAT not refundable.
Multi-purpose vouchers (MPV): For multiple goods/services or rates. No VAT changes.
Examples:
- SPV: Voucher for e-book download (standard rate).
- MPV: Voucher for books (zero-rated) or e-books (standard rate).
- SPV: £10 restaurant voucher (no takeaways).
- MPV: Restaurant voucher usable for dine-in or takeaway.
Compliance
Incorrect VAT handling may lead to financial penalties. Contact us for guidance on business promotion schemes.
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