E-invoicing involves the generation, exchange, clearance or reporting, and storage of invoices in a structured electronic format via a compliant Electronic Generation Solution (EGS). Businesses must issue electronic tax invoices, simplified tax invoices, and electronic credit/debit notes where VAT rules require them. Paper invoices and PDFs generated outside a compliant system are invalid. The platform is Fatoora, supervised by the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA).

The system uses two mechanisms: real-time clearance for standard invoices (B2B/B2G) and near-real-time (24-hour) reporting for simplified invoices (B2C). This is one of the world’s most mature Continuous Transaction Controls (CTC) frameworks. It provides audit visibility by capturing invoices at issuance (no separate SAF-T regime).

B2B E-Invoicing

Applies to business-to-business transactions requiring a Standard Tax Invoice (mandatory for supplies > SAR 1,000; strongly recommended for all B2B to allow input VAT claims). The invoice must be transmitted to ZATCA for validation and clearance before sharing with the buyer. ZATCA applies a cryptographic stamp and returns the cleared invoice. Only then can it be legally issued.

Buyer impact: Buyers can only claim 15% input VAT on cleared Phase 2-compliant invoices from suppliers past their integration deadline. Non-compliant invoices result in lost VAT deductions.

B2G E-Invoicing

Follows the identical process as B2B. Suppliers to government entities issue Standard Tax Invoices and obtain ZATCA clearance before sharing. No separate B2G platform or format exists — the Fatoora clearance flow is the same for private and public buyers.

B2C E-Invoicing

Requires a Simplified Tax Invoice. No prior clearance needed. Businesses generate the invoice in a compliant system with a locally generated QR code and report it to ZATCA within 24 hours. Valid for supplies ≤ SAR 1,000. These do not entitle recipients to input VAT deduction (business buyers needing VAT reclaim must request a standard invoice).

2026 Key Updates

• Wave 23 (announced 27 June 2025): Resident taxpayers with VAT turnover > SAR 750,000 (2022–2024). Deadline: 31 March 2026.
• Wave 24 (announced 26 September 2025): Threshold lowered to > SAR 375,000 (2022–2024). Deadline: 30 June 2026.
• Penalty-waiver initiative expires 30 June 2026. After this date, full enforcement begins (no more amnesty for corrections).

ZATCA continues lowering thresholds toward full coverage. Businesses should monitor announcements.

Why 30 June 2026 Matters: It is both the Wave 24 deadline and the end of penalty waivers. From 1 July 2026, in-scope but non-integrated businesses face automated fines, rejected input-VAT claims for customers, and possible VAT registration suspension.

Deadlines and Roadmap (All Major Milestones)

No separate e-waybill regime. Goods movement data is not part of Fatoora.

Is E-Invoicing Mandatory?

Yes.

• Generation Phase (Phase 1): Mandatory for all resident VAT-registered businesses since 4 Dec 2021.
• Integration Phase (Phase 2): Mandatory by assigned wave (above SAR 375,000 turnover by 30 June 2026).
• B2B/B2G: Real-time clearance.
• B2C: 24-hour reporting.

Non-residents are generally exempt. Individual deadlines depend on turnover.

Core Technical Requirements

• Compliant EGS (e.g., configured SAP, Oracle, Microsoft Dynamics).
• Structured format: XML or PDF/A-3 with embedded XML (plain PDFs invalid).
• Arabic mandatory (bilingual Arabic/English allowed).
• QR code (local for simplified, clearance-generated for standard).
• Cryptographic stamp + CSID.
• UUID and sequential numbering.
• 6-year archiving in Saudi Arabia.

Clearance vs Reporting

Who Must Comply?

• Resident VAT-registered businesses issuing tax/simplified invoices or notes.
• Resident taxable persons in VAT-subject transactions.
• Third parties issuing on behalf of residents.
• Non-residents and certain transactions (e.g., imports, reverse charge) are treated differently.

How to Generate E-Invoices

Prerequisites:

• Deploy compliant EGS.
• Onboard with Fatoora and obtain CSID.
• Set up API connectivity.

Workflow:

• Generate in XML/PDF/A-3 (Arabic) with required fields.
• Apply stamp, UUID, numbering, QR logic.
• Standard: Submit for clearance → receive stamped version → deliver to buyer.
• Simplified: Issue immediately → report within 24h.
• Archive for 6 years in Saudi Arabia.

Implementation Checklist

• Confirm your wave (SAR 750k or 375k turnover).
• Assess EGS readiness.
• Validate XML generation.
• Onboard with Fatoora + obtain CSID.
• Set up & test API.
• Configure QR & cryptographic stamp.
• Clean master data.
• Implement clearance/reporting workflows.
• Set up 6-year archiving.
• Test end-to-end in sandbox.
• Correct historical issues before 30 June 2026.
• Monitor future waves.

FAQs (Condensed)

• Format: XML or PDF/A-3 with embedded XML, Arabic, with UUID, sequential number, cryptographic stamp, QR code.
• Benefits: Automation, fewer errors, better audit readiness, real-time error catching, reduced fraud.
• Small businesses: Yes — Wave 24 brings many SMEs in from 30 June 2026; pre-certified connectors available.
• Exemptions: Mainly non-residents; some transaction types differ.
• Preparation: Follow checklist, use penalty-waiver window before expiry.
• Software: Compliant ERPs (SAP, Oracle, Dynamics) or specialized platforms with Fatoora integration (e.g., RTC).
• Penalties: Progressive fines (SAR 1,000–100,000+ depending on violation), lost VAT deductions, possible registration suspension. Full enforcement after 30 June 2026.